What is Computer?
A computer is
a general purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a set of
arithmetic or logical operations. Since a sequence of operations can be readily
changed, the computer can solve more than one kind of problem.
Basic Parts of Computer-
Conventionally, a
computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a Central
Processing Unit (CPU) and some form of Memory. The processing element
carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit
that can change the order of operations based on stored information. Peripheral
devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the
result of operations saved and retrieved.
Short History of Computer-
In World War II,
mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military
applications. During this time the first electronic digital computers were
developed. Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much
power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs).
Modern computers based
on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than
the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Simple computers are
small enough to fit into mobile device, and mobile computers can
be powered by small batteries. Personal computers in their various forms
are icons of the information age and are what most people
think of as “computers.” However, the embedded computers found in
many devices from MP3 Players to fighter aircraft and from toys to industrial
robots are the most numerous.
